Philippines

Manila Tagalog

also: Filipino, Standard Tagalog

The Manila-area variety that forms the basis of Filipino, the national language of the Philippines. Heavily mixed with English in everyday speech (Taglish).

Batangas Tagalog

also: Batangueño

The Tagalog of Batangas province, often cited as more conservative than Manila Tagalog. Preserves several older verb forms and a distinctive intonation.

Bulacan Tagalog

The Tagalog of Bulacan province, just north of Manila. Historically influential as a literary variety in the development of modern Filipino.

Chavacano

also: Chabacano, Zamboangueño, Philippine Creole Spanish

A Spanish-based creole language of the Philippines, with its strongest living community in Zamboanga City and related varieties historically spoken in Cavite, Ternate, and Cotabato. It preserves much Spanish vocabulary while using a Philippine grammatical frame shaped by local languages.

Cebuano

also: Bisaya, Binisayâ

A Visayan Austronesian language of the central and southern Philippines. The most widely-spoken language of the Visayas and Mindanao, often counted as the largest Philippine language by L1 speakers.

Ilocano

also: Iloko, Ilokano

An Austronesian language of north-western Luzon, the third most-spoken language of the Philippines. Used widely as a regional lingua franca across northern Luzon.